Thanks, it disgusts me that academia is conveniently ignoring the discussion of the subtle stirrings, & origins of this particular form of music. And the academics are keenly aware & teach such things across the Western world. There were white, Asian & Black Line Gangs or “Gandy Dancers” as they are more commonly referred. But it was only the black ones who took the field songs of the slaves mixed it with braggadocio, story telling etc., & then slowed it down to more of a cadence that complemented the slow methodical March of moving pieces of rail into place along track beds. Zora Neal Hurston also conducted some earlier recordings which contains mostly work songs and in one she herself can be heard grunting & exhaling much like Sam Cooke would later do in his famous song “The Sound of the Men Working on the Chain Gang”, & that is the same grunt/beat box sound Grand Master Flash echoes in “ The Message”. So Busta Rhymes & Fat Joe are way out of line & being allowed to do so by WS Academics at Rolling Stone, Universities, etc., who know this history very well.
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